Paul Tillich and Karl Barth discuss their theological approaches in Theologische Blätter at the beginning of the twentieth century. Both theologians concentrate on a theology referred to as a “theology of crisis” in response to the liberal theology of the nineteenth century. Tillich wants Barth to accept the “positive root” of the critical paradox, which Tillich argues is presupposed in the critical version of the paradox in Barth’s theology. In this chapter, I lay out the discussion between Tillich and Barth from 1923 and show that the actual conflict in the exchange between the two thinkers concerns the question whether there is a positive role of culture in theology and, if there is, how we should understand that role.